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71.
Biaxial forming behavior is investigated for three aluminum sheet alloys (Al 5182 containing 1% Mn (5182+Mn), Al 5754, and
6111-T4) using a heated die and punch in the warm forming temperature range of 200–350 °C. It is found that, while all three
alloys exhibit significant improvement in their formability compared with that at room temperature, the non-heat-treatable
alloys 5182 + Mn and 5754 give higher part depths than that of heat-treatable 6111-T4. The formability generally increases
with decreasing BHP (BHP), but increasing the forming temperature and/or BHP minimizes the wrinkling tendency and improves
the forming performance. The stretchability of the sheet alloys increase with increasing temperature and increasing BHP. For
the alloys and forming conditions involved in the current study, the formability, measured in terms of part depth, comes mainly
from the drawing of metal into the die cavity, although stretching effects do influence the overall forming behavior. The
optimum formability is achieved by setting the die temperature 50 °C higher than the punch temperature to enhance the drawing
component. Setting the die temperature higher than the punch temperature also improves the strain distribution in a part in
such a manner that postpones necking and fracture by altering the location of greatest thinning. 相似文献
72.
利用微波介电加热和微波干燥水解法制备TiO2微粒 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用微波介电加热和微波干燥条件下TiCl4直接水解的方法制备出平均尺寸为40m,粒径分布窄,均为球形且形态均一,团聚较少,金红石型的TiO2纳米粒子,其内部品粒平均大小为17nm。而传统加热和干燥条件下形成的纳米微粒平均为60nm,粒经大小不均一,形态较不规则,团聚严重。微波加热和干燥方法具有清洁、快速均匀高效、环境友好的优点,推广前景良好。TiCl4水解法经济便利,适于工业化生产。 相似文献
73.
74.
Soluble sugars are essential nutrients generally perceived as phagostimulants to most insects studied. However, tannins are known as digestibility reducers, hence deleterious to caterpillar development, and as deterrents as well. Previous work demonstrated that larvae of the polyphagous oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, performed better when reared on a control + 0.5% tannic acid diet than on the standard control diet and that larvae reared on a control + 5% glucose diet had slower development and reduced survival. This study was designed to elucidate the behavioral and neurophysiological components of the larval responses to tannic acid and glucose. C. rosaceana larvae were reared individually from the first to the sixth instar on one of four different artificial diets: (1) control; (2) control + 5% glucose; (3) control + 0.5% tannic acid; (4) control + 5% glucose + 0.5% tannic acid. After 14 days, larvae reared on the control + 5% glucose diet had not developed past the fourth instar, whereas a considerable proportion of larvae reared on the control + 0.5% tannic acid diet had already attained the pupal stage. Insects reared on the control or the control + 5% glucose + 0.5% tannic acid diet had intermediate development, with most larvae in the fifth instar. In addition, once the mid-sixth instar was reached, the feeding preferences to 25 and 300 mM glucose, 25 mM tannic acid, and 25 mM glucose + 25 mM tannic acid over water were assessed in two-choice tests. Feeding affected preference. Control-reared insects preferred feeding on treatments containing glucose and were not deterred by tannic acid. However, larvae that had been exposed to tannic acid during their development were deterred by tannic acid and their glucose discrimination was impaired. The sensitivity to glucose was also examined from neurophysiological recordings by stimulating the sugar-sensitive cell (cell 1) on the lateral styloconic sensillum of the maxillary galea with increasing concentrations of glucose (1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mM). We also determined whether tannic acid was phagostimulatory, since insects develop relatively quickly on a diet containing this compound, by testing 1 mM tannic acid, 1 mM tannic acid + 300 mM glucose, and 300 mM glucose on the lateral styloconic sensilla. The traces indicated that 1 mM tannic acid was not detected by any of the four chemosensory cells in these sensilla. The combination of tannic acid and glucose produced no spikes from the sugar-sensitive cell, whereas a prominent spike activity resulted with 300 mM glucose. We concluded that, although C. rosaceana larvae develop faster on a tannic acid diet, this compound is not a phagostimulant. The converse is true for glucose; i.e., it stimulates the sugar-sensitive cell in the lateral styloconica in a concentration-dependent fashion. Previous dietary experience changes the sensory and behavioral responses of C. rosaceana to glucose. Our findings imply that not all compounds that are phagostimulatory are necessarily beneficial to an insect's fitness. Therefore, developmental studies should be interpreted in conjunction with behavioral and physiological data. 相似文献
75.
76.
介绍了 6 m大容积焦炉由冷态到转入正常加热温度的烘炉操作过程中 ,按照一定的升温曲线 ,通过对焦炉热工和炉体膨胀的科学管理 ,确保新建焦炉顺利由冷态过渡到生产状态。 相似文献
77.
KUANG Li FAN Shuanshi 《化工学报》2003,54(Z1):81-85
The effect of diluted solution's magnetization on induction time and growth period of natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been investigated in quiescent reaction system at pressure of 4.5 MPa and temperature of 274 K with SDS as surfactant, by using volume fixed and pressure falling method. Experimental results show that magnetization will have effect on the induction time of NGH. After magnetization with magnetic field intensity of 0.33 T, the induction time of NGH has been reduced to 47 min (average) from 99 min (average) in which there is no magnetization. On the other hand, the induction time has been prolonged after magnetization of the diluted solution with magnetic field intensity of 0.05 T, 0.11 T, 0.22 T, 0.44 T. Especially with magnetic field intensity of 0.11 T, the induction time had even been prolonged to 431 min (average). The effect of magnetization on the growth period of NGH has not been found at the experimental condition. 相似文献
78.
Rodney J. Mailer 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(9):823-827
NIR spectroscopy calibrations have been developed for a range of quality parameters in olive oil, including FFA, PV, polyphenol content, induction time, chlorophyll, and the major FA. A set of 216 olive oil samples from throughout the Australian olive-growing areas were used to provide a representative range of quality. The variation in the oils tested virtually covered the range of the chemical standard limits described by the International Olive Oil Council. A FOSS NIRSystems® 6500 spectrophotometer with a liquid cell holder was used. Multiple correlation coefficients squared (R 2) for minor components stearic acid (0.86), and linolenic acid (0.85) were relatively low because the concentration range is very narrow compared with the reproducibility of the reference method. However, the major FA, oleic (0.99) and linoleic (1.00), FFA (0.97), and chlorophyll (0.98) provided high levels of accuracy. All of the parameters measured were sufficiently accurate for routine screening of olive oil. 相似文献
79.
The time dependences of electrical conduction and self‐heating behaviors in high‐density polyethylene filled with acetylene carbon black of 0.082 in volume fraction are studied in relation to voltage and ambient temperature. The characteristic decay current constant τi, and the exponential growth time constant for self‐heating τg are determined for the samples under voltages U above the critical value Uc for the onset of self‐heating. The influences of voltage and ambient temperature on τi and τg as well as the amplitude of the low‐resistance to high‐resistance switching are discussed on the basis of the random resistor network (RRN) model and the relationship between Uc and the intrinsic resistivity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1124–1131, 2006 相似文献
80.
Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were conducted at various frequencies on nylon-6,6 specimens equilibrated over a range of moisture levels to determine the crack growth rates and the crack-tip temperatures as a function of water content. Frequency-sensitivity was correlated with the amount of crack-tip heating taking place, with crack-tip temperature being found to depend strongly on the estimated loss compliance, D″, of the material. The frequency-sensitivity of FCP in nylon was seen also to be affected by mean stress, suggesting that creep processes are often significant in FCP of nylon. 相似文献